In this paper, we examine artificial intelligence (AI) in the context of studying and measuring individual differences across three current topics: AI as a research tool, the design of human-AI interaction, and AI-assisted assessment. Drawing on selected examples, we illustrate the wide-ranging potentials of AI at the conceptual and methodological level, while also showing that its application raises new (research) questions - for instance regarding human competence in dealing with AI, the “personality” of AI systems, or psychometric standards in the use of AI-assisted assessment procedures. Against this backdrop, we discuss key prerequisites for a sustainable integration of AI into both research in personality psychology and individual differences, including critical validation, transparency, interdisciplinary collaboration, and the systematic consideration of individual differences in the responsible design of the human-AI interface.